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A
rapprochement between the warring sides became possible only after
April 1996, when Dzhokhar Dudayev was killed in the fighting.
Yeltsin handed responsibility for dealing with the situation in
Chechnya to the ambitious retired general Alexander Lebed, who had
been appointed secretary of Russia锟絪 influential Security Council.
He immediately made trips to the breakaway republic to meet with
both the Chechen separatists and the Russian military commanders,
and by the end of August 1996 he had negotiated a cease-fire that
included the agreement to defer a decision on Chechen independence
for five years. The cease-fire
made it possible for federal troops to withdraw from Chechen
territory and for elections to be planned. By the end of the year
Russian troops had left the province and Chechnya was, in all but
name, an independent state. |
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In January
1997 former guerrilla leader and Dudayev锟絪 head of staff Aslan
Maskhadov was elected president of Chechnya. But the territory
remained divided among local warlords, and it was questionable how
much control Maskhadov exercised outside the capital. Under
Maskhadov the breakaway republic continued to assert that it was a
sovereign state, but no coherent state structure came into being.
The province became split into a maze of small entities, each headed
by a warlord. Nearly two-thirds of the republic锟絪 population voted
with their feet against 锟絠ndependence锟?forced on them by leaders
like Dudayev and Maskhadov.
The chief
causes of the war and the reasons that prompted the Russian
leadership to adopt the military option to resolve the problem of a
mutinous territory within Russian borders in December 1994 and again
in September 1999 are discussed in the pages that
follow.
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